3Selenium学习系列-一个简单的Selenium-Java-工程
目录
[3]Selenium学习系列—- 一个简单的Selenium Java 工程
在前面的一个章节，笔者介绍了 ，顺便告诉大家一个小秘密，其实 还可以录制网页的操作过程，并导出成C#，Java，Python，Ruby等各种各样形式的代码。笔者就以 录制并导出Java代码为例子，给大家演示一个Selenium Hello World项目。
- 打开 ,并输入一个目标网站地址并开启录制功能。本文以Tomcat的官方网站为例子，http://tomcat.apache.org/
上面红线框内的准备就绪后，点击Selenium IDE右边录制按钮，开始录制。
这个时候在 网站上的任意操作都会被 Selenium IDE记录下来。
- 选择导出代码，并取名为ApacheWebSiteTest.java
- 打开Eclipse，新建一个Maven的工程，下面是Maven的pom.xml
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
<modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>
<groupId>com.sample.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-learn</artifactId>
<version>0.0.1-SNAPSHOT</version>
<name>selenium-learn</name>
<description>selenium-learn1</description>
<repositories>
<repository>
<id>central</id>
<name>Maven Repository Switchboard</name>
<layout>default</layout>
<url>http://repo1.maven.org/maven2</url>
<snapshots>
<enabled>false</enabled>
</snapshots>
</repository>
</repositories>
<dependencies>
<dependency>
<groupId>junit</groupId>
<artifactId>junit</artifactId>
<version>4.12</version>
</dependency>
<dependency>
<groupId>org.seleniumhq.selenium</groupId>
<artifactId>selenium-java</artifactId>
<version>3.0.1</version>
</dependency>
</dependencies>
</project>- 把上面的 ApacheWebSiteTest.java复制到这个maven项目中。
package com.example.tests;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
import org.junit.*;
import static org.junit.Assert.*;
import static org.hamcrest.CoreMatchers.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.*;
import org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver;
import org.openqa.selenium.support.ui.Select;
public class ApacheWebSiteTest {
private WebDriver driver;
private String baseUrl;
private boolean acceptNextAlert = true;
private StringBuffer verificationErrors = new StringBuffer();
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
baseUrl = "http://tomcat.apache.org/";
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}
@Test
public void testApacheWebSite() throws Exception {
driver.get(baseUrl + "/");
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Home")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("PoweredBy")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Tomcat Connectors")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Tomcat 8.5")).click();
driver.findElement(By.xpath("(//a[contains(text(),'Tomcat Native')])[2]")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("archive download site")).click();
driver.findElement(By.linkText("Tomcat Native")).click();
}
@After
public void tearDown() throws Exception {
driver.quit();
String verificationErrorString = verificationErrors.toString();
if (!"".equals(verificationErrorString)) {
fail(verificationErrorString);
}
}
private boolean isElementPresent(By by) {
try {
driver.findElement(by);
return true;
} catch (NoSuchElementException e) {
return false;
}
}
private boolean isAlertPresent() {
try {
driver.switchTo().alert();
return true;
} catch (NoAlertPresentException e) {
return false;
}
}
private String closeAlertAndGetItsText() {
try {
Alert alert = driver.switchTo().alert();
String alertText = alert.getText();
if (acceptNextAlert) {
alert.accept();
} else {
alert.dismiss();
}
return alertText;
} finally {
acceptNextAlert = true;
}
}
}- 注意上面的代码跑起来是会抛出下面的异常的
java.lang.IllegalStateException: The path to the driver executable must be set by the webdriver.gecko.driver system property; for more information, see https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver. The latest version can be downloaded from https://github.com/mozilla/geckodriver/releases
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:199)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService.findExecutable(DriverService.java:109)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.GeckoDriverService.access$000(GeckoDriverService.java:37)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.GeckoDriverService$Builder.findDefaultExecutable(GeckoDriverService.java:95)
at org.openqa.selenium.remote.service.DriverService$Builder.build(DriverService.java:296)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.createCommandExecutor(FirefoxDriver.java:277)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:247)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:242)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:238)
at org.openqa.selenium.firefox.FirefoxDriver.<init>(FirefoxDriver.java:127)
at com.example.tests.ApacheWebSiteTest.setUp(ApacheWebSiteTest.java:20)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunBefores.evaluate(RunBefores.java:24)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:27)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)
java.lang.NullPointerException
at com.example.tests.ApacheWebSiteTest.tearDown(ApacheWebSiteTest.java:39)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at sun.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(NativeMethodAccessorImpl.java:62)
at sun.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.java:43)
at java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Method.java:498)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod$1.runReflectiveCall(FrameworkMethod.java:50)
at org.junit.internal.runners.model.ReflectiveCallable.run(ReflectiveCallable.java:12)
at org.junit.runners.model.FrameworkMethod.invokeExplosively(FrameworkMethod.java:47)
at org.junit.internal.runners.statements.RunAfters.evaluate(RunAfters.java:33)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runLeaf(ParentRunner.java:325)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:78)
at org.junit.runners.BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.runChild(BlockJUnit4ClassRunner.java:57)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$3.run(ParentRunner.java:290)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$1.schedule(ParentRunner.java:71)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.runChildren(ParentRunner.java:288)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.access$000(ParentRunner.java:58)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner$2.evaluate(ParentRunner.java:268)
at org.junit.runners.ParentRunner.run(ParentRunner.java:363)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit4.runner.JUnit4TestReference.run(JUnit4TestReference.java:86)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.TestExecution.run(TestExecution.java:38)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:459)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.runTests(RemoteTestRunner.java:678)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.run(RemoteTestRunner.java:382)
at org.eclipse.jdt.internal.junit.runner.RemoteTestRunner.main(RemoteTestRunner.java:192)- 解决方法是，针对Firefox浏览器，需要下载geckodriver.exe web驱动（webDriver，网上可以搜索 geckodriver.exe 的下载 ）并在setup（）方法中设置下面的类似代码：
@Before
public void setUp() throws Exception {
System.setProperty("webdriver.gecko.driver","D:/drivers/geckodriver.exe");
driver = new FirefoxDriver();
baseUrl = "http://tomcat.apache.org/";
driver.manage().timeouts().implicitlyWait(30, TimeUnit.SECONDS);
}恭喜你，第一个Selenium Hello World的例子就这样写成了，是不是很简单啊！！！！
对了，对于上面7中遇到的问题，还有另外一种更智能和方便的解决方案（前提是读者的网络足够强大能访问这些网站，具体原因，你懂的！）
在Pom.xml文件的依赖中加入
<dependency>
<groupId>io.github.bonigarcia</groupId>
<artifactId>webdrivermanager</artifactId>
<version>1.4.10</version>
</dependency>然后在每次新建WebDriver对象之前，调用下面的方法。比如在setup（）方法中。
MarionetteDriverManager.getInstance().setup();如果读者对于后面的一种方式感兴趣的话，可以自己测试验证。