目录

Java-Map在遍历过程中删除元素

目录

Java Map在遍历过程中删除元素

Java中的Map如果在遍历过程中要删除元素,除非通过迭代器自己的remove()方法,否则就会导致抛出 ConcurrentModificationException 异常。JDK文档中是这么描述的:

The iterators returned by all of this class’s “collection view methods” are fail-fast: if the map is structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in any way except through the iterator’s own remove method , the iterator will throw a ConcurrentModificationException. Thus, in the face of concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined time in the future.

iterators是fail-fast的,如果这个集合(存在特定的某些集合,比如HashMap)在iterator创建之后在结构上又改变了(通 过任何方式除了iterator本身的remove方法),iterator就会抛ConcurrentModificationException。因 此,在使用过程中又面临同时被修改,iterator就会以又快速又干净地fail来应对,而不是在将来某个不确定的时间冒面临随机又不确定的表现之风险。 这么做的原因是为了保证迭代器能够尽快感知到Map的“结构性修改“,从而避免不同视图下不一致现象。Map的所有遍历方式,底层都是用了迭代器。

下面代码展示了遍历Map时删除元素的正确方式和错误方式。

import java.util.HashMap;  
import java.util.Iterator;  
import java.util.Map;  
import java.util.Set;  
  
/**  
 * Created by lh on 15-1-22.  
 */  
public class TestMapRemove {  
    public static void main(String[] args){  
        new TestMapRemove().removeByIterator();  
//        new TestMapRemove().removeBymap();  
    }  
    public void removeByIterator(){//正确的删除方式  
        HashMap<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();  
        map.put(1, "one");  
        map.put(2, "two");  
        map.put(3, "three");  
        System.out.println(map);  
        Iterator<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> it = map.entrySet().iterator();  
        while(it.hasNext()){  
            Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry = it.next();  
            if(entry.getKey() == 2)  
                it.remove();//使用迭代器的remove()方法删除元素  
        }  
        System.out.println(map);  
    }  
    public void removeBymap(){//错误的删除方式  
        HashMap<Integer, String> map = new HashMap<Integer, String>();  
        map.put(1, "one");  
        map.put(2, "two");  
        map.put(3, "three");  
        System.out.println(map);  
        Set<Map.Entry<Integer, String>> entries = map.entrySet();  
        for(Map.Entry<Integer, String> entry : entries){  
            if(entry.getKey() == 2){  
                map.remove(entry.getKey());//ConcurrentModificationException  
            }  
        }  
        System.out.println(map);  
    }  
}