Android 高版本兼容的原生定位工具类封装（支持 Android 5.0 到 Android 14）

本文提供了一个完整的 Android 原生定位工具类封装，支持从 Android 5.0 到最新的 Android 14 版本。该工具类基于 LocationManager，实现了定位权限检查、定位开关检测、实时位置更新监听以及获取最后一次已知位置的功能。针对高版本 Android 系统的权限变化和后台定位限制，工具类进行了适配优化，确保在不同系统版本上都能稳定运行。代码简洁易用，可直接集成到项目中，适合需要定位功能的 Android 应用开发者。 完整代码 1 工具类：NativeLocationHelper.java import android.Manifest; import android.content.Context; import android.content.Intent; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.location.Location; import android.location.LocationListener; import android.location.LocationManager; import android.os.Build; import android.os.Bundle; import android.os.Looper; import android.provider.Settings; import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat; import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat; public class NativeLocationHelper { private Context context; private LocationManager locationManager; private LocationListener locationListener; private OnLocationUpdateListener onLocationUpdateListener; // 定位更新回调接口 public interface OnLocationUpdateListener { void onLocationUpdate(Location location); // 位置更新回调 void onLocationError(String errorMessage); // 定位失败回调 } public NativeLocationHelper(Context context) { this.context = context; this.locationManager = (LocationManager) context.getSystemService(Context.LOCATION_SERVICE); } /**

• 开始定位
• @param minTime 最小更新时间（毫秒）
• @param minDistance 最小更新距离（米）
• @param listener 定位更新回调 / public void startLocationUpdates(long minTime, float minDistance, OnLocationUpdateListener listener) { this.onLocationUpdateListener = listener; // 检查定位权限 if (!checkLocationPermission()) { onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationError(“Location permission not granted”); return; } // 检查定位是否开启 if (!isLocationEnabled()) { onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationError(“Location services are disabled”); return; } // 创建定位监听器 locationListener = new LocationListener() { @Override public void onLocationChanged(Location location) { if (onLocationUpdateListener != null) { onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationUpdate(location); } } @Override public void onStatusChanged(String provider, int status, Bundle extras) {} @Override public void onProviderEnabled(String provider) {} @Override public void onProviderDisabled(String provider) { if (onLocationUpdateListener != null) { onLocationUpdateListener.onLocationError(“Location provider disabled”); } } }; // 请求位置更新 if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER, minTime, minDistance, locationListener, Looper.getMainLooper()); locationManager.requestLocationUpdates(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER, minTime, minDistance, locationListener, Looper.getMainLooper()); } } /*
• 停止定位 / public void stopLocationUpdates() { if (locationManager != null && locationListener != null) { locationManager.removeUpdates(locationListener); } } /*
• 获取最后一次已知位置
• @return 最后一次已知位置，如果不存在则返回 null / public Location getLastKnownLocation() { if (!checkLocationPermission() || !isLocationEnabled()) { return null; } Location lastKnownLocation = null; if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { lastKnownLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER); if (lastKnownLocation == null) { lastKnownLocation = locationManager.getLastKnownLocation(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER); } } return lastKnownLocation; } /*
• 检查定位服务是否开启
• @return true 表示定位服务已开启，false 表示未开启 / public boolean isLocationEnabled() { return locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.GPS_PROVIDER) || locationManager.isProviderEnabled(LocationManager.NETWORK_PROVIDER); } /*
• 检查定位权限
• @return true 表示权限已授予，false 表示未授予 / private boolean checkLocationPermission() { if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.Q) { return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } else { return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(context, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } } /*
• 打开定位设置页面 */ public void openLocationSettings() { Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_LOCATION_SOURCE_SETTINGS); context.startActivity(intent); } } 2 在 AndroidManifest.xml 中添加权限

3 前台服务声明（适用于 Android 14） 如果需要在后台获取位置更新，可以使用前台服务，并在 AndroidManifest.xml 中声明服务类型： 4 在 Activity 中使用工具类 import android.location.Location; import android.os.Bundle; import androidx.annotation.NonNull; import androidx.appcompat.app.AppCompatActivity; import androidx.core.app.ActivityCompat; import androidx.core.content.ContextCompat; import android.Manifest; import android.content.pm.PackageManager; import android.util.Log; import android.widget.Toast; public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity { private static final int LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE = 1001; private NativeLocationHelper locationHelper; @Override protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_main); // 初始化定位工具类 locationHelper = new NativeLocationHelper(this); // 检查并请求定位权限 if (checkLocationPermission()) { startLocationUpdates(); } else { requestLocationPermission(); } } /**

• 检查定位权限 / private boolean checkLocationPermission() { return ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED || ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(this, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION) == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED; } /*
• 请求定位权限 / private void requestLocationPermission() { ActivityCompat.requestPermissions( this, new String[]{Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION, Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION}, LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE ); } /*
• 开始定位更新 */ private void startLocationUpdates() { locationHelper.startLocationUpdates(10000, 10, new NativeLocationHelper.OnLocationUpdateListener() { @Override public void onLocationUpdate(Location location) { double latitude = location.getLatitude(); double longitude = location.getLongitude(); Log.d(“Location”, “Lat: " + latitude + “, Lng: " + longitude); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, “Location: " + latitude + “, " + longitude, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } @Override public void onLocationError(String errorMessage) { Log.e(“Location”, errorMessage); Toast.makeText(MainActivity.this, errorMessage, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } }); } @Override protected void onDestroy() { super.onDestroy(); // 停止定位更新 locationHelper.stopLocationUpdates(); } @Override public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) { super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults); if (requestCode == LOCATION_PERMISSION_REQUEST_CODE) { if (grantResults.length > 0 && grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) { startLocationUpdates(); } else { Toast.makeText(this, “Location permission denied”, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } } } 总结 该工具类已适配到最高 Android 14，支持最新的权限管理和定位功能。 针对 Android 14 的隐私和安全增强，工具类增加了对前台服务和权限请求的适配。 如果你有更多需求或问题，欢迎继续提问！